本书以1915—1938年武汉棉纺织业为研究对象，主要围绕其发展过程中的资金、技术、管理和市场问题展开论述，并对由此形成的“武汉模式”进行分析。

第一章对武汉棉纺织业资金来源和运行状况进行考察。民国时期武汉棉纺织业创建之初，很大一部分资本来自本地商人投资，商业资本在提供资金的同时，其投机性和不稳定性也影响了棉纺织业的发展轨迹。沿海工业资本在内地的投资密切了武汉棉纺织业和沿海同行业之间的联系，武汉本地的银行、钱庄和票号所构成的货币金融系统对棉纺织业的发展也产生了深远影响。裕华纱厂、申新四厂、第一纱厂、震寰纱厂在发展过程中融资方式各有不同，处理商业资本和工业资本、自有资本和借入资本、资金积累和分配这三对关系的不同方式，决定了其日后的发展趋势。

第二章论述武汉棉纺织业技术引进、内化和取得的成效。在技术引进方式上，主要通过在华洋行的代理、派人出国考察和国外厂家推销这几种方式进行。在技术内化方面则要考虑引进技术与经济社会环境、纱厂发展、生产原料和企业软实力相一致，并注重对内化结果的巩固。由于不同纱厂内部构成的差异，在技术的引进、内化和创造方面有各自特点。通过与上海等其他棉纺织基地的对比发现，民国时期武汉棉纺织业在科技运用中，由于缺乏有效的技术引进和内化机制，虽然有所发展，但是动力明显不足，成效不高。

第三章探讨西式“科学管理法”和治理结构在武汉棉纺织业中的演进和实施情况。在内部管理体制上，武汉棉纺织业经历了晚清衙门式的管理、民国初期的“工头制”，到20世纪20年代后逐步向以职业经理和工程技术人员为核心的西式管理体制转变。这两种体制在民国时期武汉棉纺织业发展过程中都发挥过重大作用，其转变过程充满反复，在很长一段时间内呈现出新旧管理体制并存的二元化格局。武汉棉纺织业结合自身实际情况选择相应管理模式，在管理人员的整顿、生产管理、工人管理、工资管理和会计制度的改革方面都取得了一定进展。申新四厂在推行科学管理的同时，还形成了极具特色的福利制度和企业文化。在外部治理结构上，随着公司制的传入，武汉棉纺织业根据发展程度和规模大小选择了股份有限公司和无限公司治理结构。

第四章考察武汉棉纺织产品同沿海产品在武汉本地市场的竞争，以及对国内中、西部市场的开拓情况。武汉棉纺织产品本质上属于对进口产品的“二次进口替代”，投入市场后，必然会对传统的商业模式产生冲击：一方面会加速武汉周边地区自然经济的解体并导致传统商路的升级；另一方面在武汉地区曾一度部分替代了沿海产品，并以长江为纬，平汉、粤汉线为经，新的商业网络和商业结构逐步形成。在市场开拓方面，武汉棉纺织品要同“洋货”竞争，上海、无锡等沿海城市的棉纺织品也深入内地，一起争夺有限的市场，并共同演绎了“市场西拓”的浪潮。“市场西拓”是武汉棉纺织业以市场为导向，因为生存发展需要，在经济规律支配下的主动选择，这和1938年因为战争而引发的“军事西迁”迥然不同。

综上所述，民国时期武汉棉纺织业既有发展的一面，又因其自身缺陷发展得不够充分，但总体上看，发展的一面多于不发展的一面，并在一定程度上推动了武汉工业化进程，对武汉由传统内地商业中心向工商一体的近代化城市转变产生了深远影响。

关键词：1915—1938年武汉棉纺织业 资金 技术 管理 市场

Abstract

This dissertation studied Wuhan cotton textile,discussed several questions of capital,technology,management and market in the development and analyzed the“Wuhan mode”based on it.

The first chapter investigated the source and operating conditions of capital of Wuhan cotton textile.At the beginning of Wuhan cotton textile in the Republic of China,most of the capital was from the local businessman's investment.When supplying capital,the speculative and the uncertainty of business capital affected cotton textile's development track.The investment of Coastal industrial capital in hinterland strengthened the relations between Wuhan cotton textile and coastal industry,and the the monetary and financial system made up of the loacal bank of Wuhan,old style Chinese private bank also produced far－reaching influence for the development of cotton textile.Yuhua cotton mill,the Fourth cotton mill of Shenxin,First textile mill and Zhenhuan cotton mill had different financial method in the process of development,which were about the relations between business capital and industrial capital,private capital and borrowed capital,capital accumulation and distribution,determining the future trend of development.

The second chapter expounded Wuhan cotton textile's technology import,internalization and achievement.The ways of technology import,were mainly through purchasing agent of foreign firm in China,sending people abroad to investigate and promote sell of foreign factory.The internalization of technology considered the introducing technology comply with the social environment,textile mill development,production materials,enterprise soft power,and focused on the consolidation of internalization results.Due to the differences of internal components in different textile mills,they had their own characteristics in intro duction,internalization and creation of technology.Compared with Shanghai and other industrial cities,due to a lack of effective technology import and internal mechanism,the technology use of Wuhan cotton textile had some development,but obviously underpowered that effect is not high.

The third chapter discussed the evolution and specific implementation of western－style scientific management and governance structure in Wuhan cotton textile.In the internal management system,Wuhan cotton textile experienced praetorium type manegement in later Qing Dynasty,foreman system of the early Republic of China,and gradually transformed into western management system the core of which were professional manager and engineer.Both the two systems played an important role in the development of Wuhan cotton textile in Republic of China,and made the transformation complex,showing dualistic structure coexistence old and new management for a long time.Wuhan cotton textile chosen corresponding management model depended on its situation,and made progress in the manager's regulation,production management,workers management,salary management and accounting system reform.In promoting scientific man-agement,the Fourth cotton mill of Shenxin formed its own unique welfare system and enterprise culture.In external management structure,with the introduction of corporations,Wuhan cotton textile chosen Co.,LTD and infinite governance structure according to their level of development and the size of the enterprises.

The fourth chapter inspected the market competition between Wuhan textile product and coastal products in local market,and the market development in central and west regions of China.Wuhan textile products in essence belonged to Second Imported Substitution,when input market,obviously brought about impact on traditional business model,which sped up the dissipation of natural economy around Wuhan area and led to the upgrade of trade route,and once replace the coastal industrial products in Wuhan market,and by the Yangtze river,PingHan and YueHan railway,the new commercial network and commercial structural formed gradually.In market development,Wuhan's cotton textile products must competed with foreign goods,at the same time,the product of Shanghai,Wuxi and other coastal cities also came into inland to compete for the limited market,and formed Market－Westward,which was market －oriented，because of the survival development needs,the active choice in economic logic，and different from the Political－Westward in 1938 due to the Anti－Japanese－War.

To sum up,Wuhan cotton textile had development side,however,because of its own defects,the development was inadequate.As a whole,there was moer that was development than undevelopment,which promoted the pace of the industrialization of Wuhan,and had far－reaching influence on transformation for Wuhan from traditional commercial center in hinterland to a modern city with commercial and industry.

Key Words:1915 －1938 Wuhan cotton textile capital technology management market